Observations on the Reproduction, Growth and Longevity of a Laboratory Colony of Archachatina (Calachatina) Marginata (Swainson) Subspecies Ovum. The second feature is a peculiar microsculpture of the body-whorl, only visible with the proper magnification. and the average width was 15.7 mm. The nematode Rat Lung Worm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) uses this snail as an intermediate host. Shell fairly uniformly marked with numerous chestnut-brown or pale brown vertical streaks, stripes, zigzag lines, or blotches on a straw-yellow background. Google Scholar, Grelli G, Gmen B (2007) Natural infection of Helix aspersa (Mollusca: Pulmonata) by Dicrocoeliidae (Digenea) larval stages in Izmir, Turkey. Proximate and energy composition analysis-The protein, moisture, total ash, fat, fibre and carbohydrate content of the powdered snail meat and shell were determined in duplicate for each species. Snails on leaf meal-inclusive diets (T3T5) had statistically (p > 0.05) similar weight gain. Achatina marginata (Swainson, 1821), Wild snails are known to eat up to 500 different species of plants. Historical Synonyms: Privacy The authors read and approved the final manuscript. nigrofasciata "Theile" (Tessman, 1913), Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment 2(1):134138. By using this site you agree to that. The initial weight was similar across the treatments, indicating homogeneity in randomizing and allotting snails to treatment. Cough, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, malaise, and fever might occur as the worm progresses through the lungs. The shell of the snail can grow up to 21 cm in height, and 13 cm in diameter. Historical Synonyms: Species Species in the genus Archachatina include: Archachatina bicarinata (Bruguire, 1789) - So Tom and Principe Archachatina burnupi (E.A. It is imperative to investigate non-conventional protein feedstuff such as leaf protein which is abundant and can be processed as feed all year long. Only if these larvae are eaten by a mollusk intermediate host does the life cycle come to an end (land snails or slugs). Nigerian Journal of Animal Science 14:92100, Eze JN, Eruvbetine D, Akpodiete OJ, Okonkwo JC (2010) Feeding pattern, carcass and shell qualities of snails (Archachatina marginata) fed different material. In: Barker, G. M. ed. The authors declare no competing interests. The lower temperatures there may mean that eggs in captivity do not have to be so uniformly warm as is known to be the case for "ovum" in particular.2. J. C. In the investigation, only Angiostrongylus cantonensis was discovered. Archachatina grevillei (Pilsbry, 1904), The final weight, weight gain, feed intake, the average egg laid, hatchability, fertility, embryo mortality, and average juvenile snails were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the diets offered to snails. Snails eat during the day, but they prefer to eat at night. Concentrate feed or supplements is necessary to optimize the growth and productivity of the snail enterprise, as most of the plant food materials are seasonal and do not possess balanced nutrient. Archachatina marginata?/, 2344 5 89 55 30 . Conditions in the general care guide are ample, but it should be noted that Archachatina prefer conditions much steadier, and perhaps a little wetter than average. In Scallops: Biology, ecology and aquaculture, second Edition, S.E Shumway and G.J. https://doi.org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0094969, Article My sincere appreciation goes to Adeyemo Elizabeth for her assistance during the collection of the snail sample. 5(7):2432, Nica DV, Filimon MN, Bordean DM, Harmanescu M, Draghici GA, Dragan S (2015) Impact of soil cadmium on land snails: a two-stage exposure approach under semi-field conditions using bioaccumulative and conchological end-points of exposure. Feeding Pattern, Carcass and Shell Qualities of Snails (Archachatina gracilior (d'Ailly, 1896), Pallial nerves are the subject of the majority of scientific research. Lond. ; greatest width, 47.2 mm. The dark band is, however, most complete behind the outer lip, being elsewhere more or less interrupted vertical, pale yellow streaks. The harvested leaves were shed dried until they were crispy to touch while retaining their greenish coloration. 2010). The final weight of snails on T2 to T5 was statistically (p > 0.05) similar and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than snails on T1. Cite this article. The nepionic whorls, when well preserved, as in newly hatched or very young shells, are densely covered with regular spiral and vertical rows of minute granulations, which become coarser on the first, post-nepionic whorl." long and 60 mm. Achatina (Achatinus) grevillei (Pfeiffer, 1879), Your privacy choices/Manage cookies we use in the preference centre. Studies in the Achatininae, a group of African land snails - Joseph C. Bequaert, 1950., p.140-141. (PDF) Hatchability and Morphometric Growth Rate of African Giant Land Archachatina marginata is the largest of the Archachatina snails and is found in West Africa. The body of the snail is light brown to gray-brown. and Okeke GC (2003). long. [5] There are also possible public health ramifications of the spread of the snail as an invasive species: it is a carrier of the parasitic rat lungworm, which causes angiostrongyliasis, which in turn is the most common cause of the eosinophilic meningitis or eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Ingesting uncooked contaminated intermediate or paratenic hosts or vegetables contaminated with third stage larvae can infect humans (dead end hosts) (Chatterjee 2009). Snail production in Nigeria, like most mini-livestock, is largely rudimentary, and its demand is met by hunting from their habitat in the wild. link Copy Link save Cite this Item. (v. Martens, 1876). There is some evidence that suturalis eggs are easier to hatch than the nominate race "marginata" and "ovum". Archachatina - Wikipedia The natural spread of this species is very slow; however, unintentional spread by individuals for food and as folk medicine is very common. The snails were euthanized by fast-freezing them at 20C/30min (Nica et al. Current size - Roughly 3 cm shell length. 2008). This indicates nutritional inadequacy; despite the high feed intake, it could not meet its requirement for growth. Archachatina cummingii (Pilsbry, 1904), Snails fed with Leucaena leucocephala-inclusive diet had better egg production, fertility, hatchability, and juvenile snails accompanied with gonadosomatic index across the treatments. The shells of Archachatina marginata are used for domestic purposes by locals for salt holders and cups etc. Feed intake, weight gain, egg lay, egg fertility, hatchability, and gonadosomatic index were measured. The majority of the damage in human-infected cases is evident in the intestinal walls, resulting in abdominal discomfort and fever. These larvae go up the trachea, where they are ingested and ejected along with the feces. Asian J Res Infect Dis 5(3):3338, CDC (2020) Parasites-soiltransmitted helminths. The nerves produce warm responsive fibers when the temperature exceeds 25C and produce cold responsive fibers when the temperature falls below 19C. Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production; Mar 1721; Akure, Nigeria: Federal University of Technology. Nigeria is noted for having a diverse range of snail species that vary in size, color, adaptability, and performance (Ibom 2009). Species in the genus Archachatina include: This Achatinidae-related article is a stub. The interior of the aperture and upper part of the columella are slightly bluish." Seventy samples of snails were collected from March to September at different locations in Akure, Ondo State. Comparison: Too broad for Archachatina purpurea, too smooth for Archachatina ventricosa, and with too narrow an aperture for Archachatina degneri. Size: 3 - 5 cm. gracilior (Germain, 1916), Archachatina marginata candefacta / Archachatina marginata eduardi / Archachatina marginata egregia / Archachatina marginata grevillei / Archachatina marginata icterica / Archachatina marginata marginata / Archachatina marginata ovum / Archachatina marginata suturalis / Archachatina marginata ssp. Early death may occur in the third year, most deaths between 4 and 5 years. Lower half of body-whorl, or of earlier whorls in immature shells, mostly very dark chestnut-brown, except for a narrow, well-defined straw-yellow zone at the base of the columella; remainder of shell (above the periphery) marked as in the typical form. As a result, the adaptation of A. cantonensis as a significant parasite of these land snails requires more research. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. However, the standout performer is snails fed with Leucaena leucocephala-inclusive treatment, judging by their egg production, fertility, hatchability, and juvenile snails accompanied with gonadosomatic index. J. Agric. Apex usually, but not always reddish. Significantly different means were separated with New Duncans multiple range test of statistical analysis software (2011). If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Achatina marginata var. Incubation period and hatching success was investigated in the African giant land snailArchachatina marginata. This is because natives prefer to eat the dark-skinned ones, based on the belief that they are tastier and that there is something undesirable or freakish about the white-skinned ones. Google Scholar, Jarvi S, Farias M, Howe K, Jacquieer S, Hollingsworth R, Pitt W (2012) Quantitative PCR estimates Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) infection levels in semi-slugs (Parmarion Martensi). The formulation and chemical composition of experimental diets are shown in Table 1. Wallingford, CABI Publishing. Available: Historical Synonyms: Average longevity is about 4 years. West Africa, Dahomey, Southern Nigeria, Cameroon, French Congo, Spanish Guinea, Fernando Po, So Tom and Principe. In: Leer V (ed) The nematodes of vertebrates, vol 3. The meals were analyzed for their chemical composition as described by Association of official analytical chemists (1990). Archachatina (Magachatina) marginata var. 6 whorls. (2009) and Hu et al. Young snails can show signs of sexual maturity at 9-10 months old; prominent genital opening and interest in other snails. A total of seventy (70) snails (Archachatina marginata) were studied in this study, with an overall prevalence of 48.57%. Part of fourneaui (Spence, 1928), The reproductive performance of laying snails fed with different treatments is shown in Table 2. The engraved line starts on the fourth and fifth whorl and it is often deep and prominent, particularly on the body-whorl; but occasionally it is weak or almost lacking, especially in subsp. Helix pomatia. marginata (Note the Bluish-white columella, as shell pattern is not reliable at all). From these, the following parameters were calculated: At the end of the feeding trial, four snails were randomly selected from each replicate for organ assessment. The snails were weighed individually at the start of the experiment, thereafter at the end of each week to determine the weekly live weight gain for the animal. long, 58 mm. Lower half of body-whorl, or of earlier whorls in immature shells, mostly very dark chestnut-brown, except for a narrow, well-defined straw-yellow zone at the base of the columella; remainder of shell (above the periphery) marked as in the typical form. They have been known to stow away on banana shipments and make it to Germany (Boettger, 1938). MolluscaBase. This study aims to investigate the reproduction output of Archachatina marginata fed on roughage and concentrate feed with leaf meal-inclusive diets. Archachatina marginata var. A few individuals may survive to 7 years and occasionally 10 years. Archachatina marginata from Ore accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals than A. marginata from Ikire. All organs were separately processed to detect parasite. CBS Publisers and Distributors, Calcutta, pp 225226, Cheesbrough M (2006) District laboratory practical in tropical countries, 2nd edn. Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) n.ssp. Records from from Liberia and the Ivory Coast are doubtless Archachatina ventricosa.
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